history of formation of state in india

Friends, these are the maps of our beloved India, but why are these maps so different from each other? Why is the division of states so different in all three? Here the first map is of the time when India was partitioned and at this time India was divided into administrative units in this way. During that time the area marked in yellow color came under the control of the British government, while the areas marked in blue color were princely states which were ruled by different kingdoms. After independence, the whole country was tied together and a new India was created by joining the princely states with British India. Some timestamps of independence: 31 years later, the government formed the State Reorganization Commission so that India could be divided into proper administrative units, after which in 1956, on the recommendation of the commission, 14 states and six union territories came into existence. This administrative division gave us this map in which you can see all the 14 states and six union territories, but despite this administrative division, many There were regions which were demanding a separate state for themselves due to various reasons. Due to the Indi Marts, gradually the assisting states were divided into separate divisions and in this way we got our today's Indian map i.e. the India which was once divided into three British Presidencies and 565 Princely States in British India, was divided into 14 states and six Union Territories in 1956 and today in 2024 it is divided into 28 states and eight Union Territories. It took almost 75 years for this division of Indian states to happen but its story is very interesting in itself and that is why friends, in today's video we are going to understand this story of the division of Indian states in detail. Along with this, we will know how the constitutional provisions have been used for the formation of states in India and what struggles have been faced, but before moving forward, let me tell you The importance of this video is very important for class 12th and CT aspirants. This video covers an important topic in chapter one of class 12th political science part two. So, please save and share this video. Now let's move on to the next part of our video. Timestamp: 123. Friends, this story begins after the partition of India. After the partition, Pakistan was formed and a large part of India went under Pakistan. Till this time, there used to be three presidencies of British India in India, Bengal, Madras and Bombay. These three presidencies were ruled by governors appointed by the British government. Apart from this, there used to be more than 550 princely states in India, which were ruled by different kingdoms and these kingdoms were indirectly ruled under the British government. Partition and Timestamp: 154. After independence, India made all the princely states a part of India. A big credit for this goes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. We will cover the interesting story of merging princely states in India in an upcoming video which you will be able to watch on this channel but now after integration, the next challenge before India was to create administrative division i.e. to divide India in the form of states but what was the need of states division for India? Actually, according to the Indian Constitution, the federalist mode has been adopted in India i.e. Timestamp: 185. A mode of government where the central government is combined with the regional government in a single political system and at the same time the powers are equally divided between the two governments. Let us tell you that true federalism was not followed in India because despite being a federal system, India is more inclined towards the unitary form of government i.e. despite being a federalist mode, in many situations the central government has supremacy over the state government and that is why instead of calling India a federal state, many Timestamp: 215. Constitutional experts also call it a quasi federal state, but to follow the quasi federal structure, it was important that states should be formed, but the problem was that on what basis should the division of states be done because India is such a diverse country where it was impossible to form states on the basis of region, culture or any such basis, but in India, the demand for formation of states on linguistic basis was gaining momentum. Linguistic basis means that if at a place Hindi is spoken in majority, then that region should be made a separate state and if at a place people in majority are speaking Gujarati, then it should be made a separate state. However, at that time, almost all the leaders in the ruling government were against the division of India on linguistic basis and that is why no concrete decision can be taken on the basis on which Indian states should be divided, but there was a demand for revision on linguistic basis. To check the feasibility, the Indian Government appointed a commission in 1948 called the Appointment Commission and its chairman was S Timestamp: 279. K Dhar. After examining all the situations, the commission submitted its report. The report statedThat it is not feasible to divide the states in India on linguistic basis. In its suggestions, this commission advised to divide the states on administrative convenience. Not only this, the Congress government also formed a committee from its political party. Its name was JVP committee. The members of this committee were Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Patra Bhai Sitaramayya. This committee also did not favor division on linguistic basis and supported the report of Dhar Commission and advised to do division on administrative convenience. But a very big turning point came in this entire event in the year 1952 when freedom fighter and revolution leader of Andhra region Pati Sriramlu was demanding separate Andhra state on linguistic basis and when he felt that the central government was not agreeing to division on linguistic basis, he did hunger strike. This hunger strike lasted for 56 days but the central government did not agree to Andhra state. Timestamp: 340. The formation of Andhra Pradesh was not approved and after 56 days Patti Sera Malu died. After his death, violence started in the Andhra region. In view of this, the Congress Government approved the formation of Andhra Pradesh on linguistic basis. Andhra Pradesh was formed in 1953 by separating Telugu speaking area from Madras State and in this way Andhra Pradesh became the first state to be formed on linguistic basis. Now after the formation of Andhra Pradesh, the demand for formation of states on linguistic basis started rising in the whole country Timestamp: 371. And to cater to these demands, in December 1953 the Congress Government established the Fazal Ali Commission. The chairman of this commission was Justice Fazal Ali and along with him Hridaynath Kunjar and KM Panir were the members of this commission. This commission studied the demands and submitted its report in 1955. In the report, some suggestions were made for forming states on linguistic basis. Suggestions were given, these suggestions were accepted and with certain modifications, the State Reorganisation Act was finally passed in 1956 and from here began the story of the present Indian map Timestamp: 403. The story of formation With the passing of the State Reorganisation Act, the assisting state distribution was replaced with 14 states and six union territories. The newly formed 14 states were Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Bombay, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Mysore, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal and the six union territories were Andaman & Nicobar Island, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Minicobar Islands, and Manipur and Tripura. In 1953, Timestamp: 436, some areas of Madras State were carved out to form Andhra Pradesh State. To form Kerala State, Travancore and Kochi areas were combined. Mysore Princely State was made Mysore State, which was merged in 1973. In 1960, Bombay State was divided to form Maharashtra and Gujarat In 1966, Punjab State was divided to form Haryana In 1970, Union Territory of Himachal Pradesh was given the status of a state, after which Himachal Pradesh became a new state of India In 1969, Meghalaya was carved out as a sub-state within Assam State, but in 1971, it was given the status of a full-fledged state Manipur and Tripura, which were earlier union territories, their status was elevated in 1971 and both were made separate states Sikkim was given the status of an associate state in 1974 and in 1975, it was given the status of a full state In 1986, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh were given the status of full states Then in 1987, Goa was separated and made a separate state and Daman Timestamp: 501. and two were made separate union territories After this, in the year 2000, Chhattisgarh was created by dividing Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal was created by dividing Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand was created by dividing Bihar. Then in 2014, Andhra Pradesh was divided and Telangana State came into existence. In 2019, the special status of Jammu and Kashmir was abolished and Ladakh Union Territory was carved out of Jammu and Kashmir. Along with this, Jammu and Kashmir was also made a Union Territory. And lastly in 2020, Daman and Du and Timestamp: 532. Dadra and Nagar Haveli were combined and made a single Union Territory. In this way, the present administrative division of India was achieved in which 28 states and eight union territories exist. Friends, the importance of states has been mentioned in the first article of the Constitution itself. Article One says that India that is Bharat shall be a Union of States, that is, India is a union of states. The thing to note here is that despite following the federal structure, this article does not talk about federation but about the state. The word Union Timestamp: 564 has been used. We can understand this more clearly by taking the example of USA and India. USA is a federation and when the United States of America was formed, all the states signed an agreement and agreed that all these states together will be a part of the USA country. But the biggest problem with the federation is that these states have the full right to separate themselves from this freedom at any time.But the states in India were not joined due to any agreement and also the states in India do not have the right to separate, that is why Timestamp: 596. The word Union has been used in place of Federation in the Constitution. If we talk about the formation and division of states, then provisions have been given for that in the Constitution. These provisions are mentioned in Articles two and four in Part one of the Constitution, under which states are admitted and established by passing laws. Article two talks about the admission and establishment of new states. By using this article, such territories which have been occupied by another country can be admitted as new states of India.